Pre-term labour - what you should know

When it comes to pre-term labour, the greatest worry is that a baby born before its estimated due date may not be sufficiently developed to survive outside the womb.

Causes of pre-term labour

The British Medical Association says that 50% of premature deliveries occur for no known reason.

Other causes for going into early labour include;

pre-eclampsia
hypertension
diabetes
existing kidney disease
heart disease
infections
multiple babies

Complications for the baby

The major complication for a pre-term baby is respiratory distress syndrome, where the lungs are not yet properly developed. Extra care should also be taken over the baby’s immunity, and his or her ability to suck.

Signs of pre-term labour

vaginal bleeding or spotting
leaking of amniotic fluid
pelvic pressure (a feeling that the baby is pushing down)
abdominal pain
contractions or abdominal tightening
dull backache
vomiting or diarrhoea

Depending on the circumstances, pre-term delivery can sometimes be averted once labour has begun. Certain medications can be used to prevent contractions and relax the womb, helping to delay birth.

Lower your risk

Pre-term birth can’t always be prevented, but there are some things that you can do to lower the risk.

Catch any symptoms early so as to avoid actual delivery. If you are experiencing any of the signs mentioned above, contact your gynaecologist.
Be consistent with your prenatal appointments throughout your pregnancy. Attending monthly appointments will allow your gynaecologist to keep up-to-date with any developing conditions.
Maintain your health. Contact your doctor at the start of any illness and infection.
Manage your stress levels.

While it can be frightening to go into early labour, modern medicine ensures babies have the best chances of survival, even as early as 24 weeks’ gestation. Many premature babies catch up with their full-term playmates, in terms of development, within the first year or two.

About the Author: Dr Noluthando Nematswerani is a Discovery Health Clinical Specialist. For more information on Discovery, visit www.discovery.co.za.