A study published in the journal Radiology has identified a magnetic reasonance imaging (MRI) technique to measure brain iron levels that could provide accurate, non-invasive diagnoses.

ADHD can be hard for doctors to distinguish from other psychiatric conditions, particularly because diagnosis is based on subjective clinical consultations.

Psychostimulants such as Ritalin are the most commonly proposed solution, further complicating the controversy that surrounds misdiagnosis, since many are opposed to such drugs for young people due to potential for abuse and lack of time-tested certainty of their effectiveness.

“Much debate and concern has emerged regarding the continual rise of ADHD diagnosis in the U.S. given that two-thirds of those diagnosed receive psychostimulant medications,” said Vitria Adisetiyo, Ph.D., postdoctoral research fellow at the Medical University of South Carolina in Charleston. “We wanted to see if we could identify brain iron as a potential noninvasive biomarker for medication-naïve ADHD to prevent misdiagnosis.”

Researchers worked with 22 children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD, 12 of whom had never been given medication, and measured their brain iron levels using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique known in the medical community as “magnetic field correlation imaging.”

They compared results with those of 27 healthy children and adolescents and found that the 12 ADHD patients never exposed to psychostimulants had lower levels of iron in the brain compared with both the healthy group and the medicated ADHD patients.

The result not only suggests psychostimulants might restore deficient brain iron levels but could lead parents opposed to the use of the drugs to a better understanding.

“Our research suggests that iron absorption into the brain may be abnormal in ADHD given that atypical brain iron levels are found even when blood iron levels in the body are normal,” Dr. Adisetiyo said. “We found no differences in blood iron measures between controls, medication-naïve ADHD patients or pscyhostimulant-medicated ADHD patients.”

Magnetic field correlation imaging was introduced in 2006 by study co-authors and faculty members Joseph A. Helpern, Ph.D., and Jens H. Jensen, Ph.D.

“We want the public to know that progress is being made in identifying potential noninvasive biological biomarkers of ADHD which may help to prevent misdiagnosis,” Dr. Adisetiyo said. “We are currently testing our findings in a larger cohort to confirm that measuring brain iron levels in ADHD is indeed a reliable and clinically feasible biomarker.”

If the magnetic field correlation technique proves to be effective, more research could lead to pinpointing which patients are candidates for psychostimulants in the interest of minimizing their use amongst the young.

(AFP Relaxnews)

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A neurological syndrome

ADHD is a neurological syndrome associated with poor concentration and organisational skills. It is, however, poorly understood with many people dismissing it as a ‘fad’ with no foundation in truth.

Elimination diets have limited efficacy

There are medications available to help manage the symptoms, and behavioural therapy can be helpful. Elimination diets have been shown to have limited efficacy in the treatment of ADHD. More recently, artificial food colourants and the preservative sodium benzoate have been shown to increase hyperactivity in some children.

A balanced diet is a priority

While dietary causes for the illness remains difficult to prove, there is no question that a balanced and healthy diet should be a priority.

Dietary guidelines for toddlers with ADHD:

1. Plan regular, varied meals and make them small and frequent. Do not allow your child to go for long stretches of time (more than 3-4 hours) without food.
2. Include foods with a low Glycemic Index (GI) at every meal. These foods provide a slow, sustained release of glucose into the bloodstream.
3. Avoid refined carbohydrates with a high GI as these may exacerbate ADHD.
4. Include protein-rich foods (chicken, meat, fish, eggs or diary) at all meals, as protein helps stabilise blood sugar levels.
5. Encourage consumption of vegetables and fruits. Children should eat at least five portions of a variety of different vegetables and/or fruit every day.
6. If your child is a fussy eater, consider giving him a daily multivitamin and mineral supplement. The supplement should provide approximately 100% of the DRI for each vitamin and mineral. Don’t give mega doses of individual vitamins or minerals without first consulting a healthcare practitioner.
7. Plan a serving of oily fish (pilchards, sardines, salmon etc.) two to three times a week. Or consider giving your child a daily supplement of fish oil (omega-3 fatty acids).

About the Author:

To find a private dietician in your area with a special interest in ADHD: Association Dietetics South Africa – www.adsa.org.za. There is more detailed information on children’s nutrition and useful kids recipes in “Your Special Diet” section on www.pnp.co.za/healthcorner

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